Urban Planning, Transportation, and Systems Analysis.

Anhydrous sodium acetate will serve as the catalyst with maleic, chloro-maleic, and methylglutaconic anhydrides, giving yields of 0.54, 0.22, and 1.02 moles CO2 per mole of anhydride. The products of all these reactions are black and brown-black, are soluble in acetone, acetophenone, dioxane, and aqueous alkali and are insoluble in benzene, toluene, ether, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, and aqueous acid. The reaction can be carried on in solution in acetic anhydride, diphenylmethane, acetone, and acetophenone. The product is heterogeneous since it can be fractionated by solution in acetone and precipitation by ether. The most soluble fraction is brown; the least soluble one tends to be black. Cyclopentylmaleic,4 dodecenylsuccinic,5 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic,8 and cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic6 anhydrides do not produce CO2 on treatment with tertiary amines. Summary.-Many cyclic aliphatic anhydrides on treatment with catalytic amounts of a tertiary amine undergo a reaction with the evolution of CO2. The evolution of CO2 is preceded by the appearance of a red to purple intermediate. The products are brittle and amorphous, soluble in polar solvents and in alkali, insoluble in nonpolar solvents and acid.